今天在解析一个工具输出问题时遇到这两个编码错误，记录一下。
- TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not ‘str’
- UnicodeDecodeError: ‘utf-8’ codec can’t decode byte 0xb3 in position 38: invalid start byte
TL;DR
导致这个问题主要的原因是你调用的是字符str类型的方法而你给传递的是一个字节byte类型的对象。
先上代码
import subprocess
class ExecCommandError(Exception):
pass
class ExecCommand:
@staticmethod
def cust_popen_list(cmdlist, close_fds=True):
"""
subprocess.call只接受数组变量作为命令，并将数组的第一个元素作为命令，剩下的全部作为该命令的参数。
:param cmdlist:
:param close_fds:
:return:
"""
lastcmdlist = list()
lastcmdlist.extend(cmdlist)
try:
proc = subprocess.Popen(lastcmdlist, shell=False, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
close_fds=close_fds)
retcode = proc.wait()
return retcode, proc
except Exception as e:
raise (ExecCommandError, e)
class HwMaker:
def __init__(self):
self.retcode = 1
self.proc = None
@staticmethod
def exec_command(cmd_list=None):
"""
调用执行命令的程序
:param cmd_list: list,
:return:
"""
assert cmd_list
cmd = ExecCommand()
return cmd.cust_popen_list(cmd_list)
@staticmethod
def make_label(label):
"""
如果以空格分割，则替换为 with_under_case,最后调用lower()返回lower_with_under_case
:param label:
:return:
"""
split_label = label.split()
label = '_'.join([span.lower() for span in split_label]) if len(split_label) > 1 else label.lower()
return label
class SensorMaker(HwMaker):
@staticmethod
def secs2hours(secs):
"""
秒转化为小时
:param secs:
:return:
"""
mm, ss = divmod(secs, 60)
hh, mm = divmod(mm, 60)
return "%d:%02d:%02d" % (hh, mm, ss)
def parse_vertical_line(self, parser_data):
"""
以“|” 分割之后获取有用信息
:param parser_data:
:return:
"""
_expect_info = dict()
for line in parser_data:
strip_line = line.strip().decode('utf-8', "ignore")
if '|' in strip_line:
item, value = [item.strip() for item in strip_line.split('|')]
lower_label = self.make_label(item)
_expect_info[lower_label] = value
return _expect_info
def ipmi_pminfo(self):
"""
[SlaveAddress = B2h] [Module 2]
Item | Value
---- | -----
Status | [STATUS OK](00h)
AC Input Voltage | 237.0 V
AC Input Current | 0.36 A
DC 12V Output Voltage | 12.04 V
DC 12V Output Current | 5.07 A
Temperature 1 | 34C/94F
Temperature 2 | 37C/98F
Fan 1 | 5400 RPM
Fan 2 | 985 RPM
DC 12V Output Power | 61 W
AC Input Power | 78 W
PMBus Revision | 0xD222
PWS Serial Number | ³³³³³³³U³³³³³³³
PWS Module Number | ³³³³³³³³³³³³
PWS Revision | ³³³³³³
out: {'status': '[STATUS OK](00h)',
'ac_input_voltage': '237.0 V',
'ac_input_current': '0.39 A',
'dc_12v_output_voltage': '12.04 V',
'dc_12v_output_current': '5.19 A',
'temperature_1': '34C/94F',
'temperature_2': '37C/98F',
'fan_1': '5424 RPM',
'fan_2': '985 RPM',
'dc_12v_output_power': '63 W',
'ac_input_power': '71 W',
'pmbus_revision': '0xD222',
'pws_serial_number': 'U',
'pws_module_number': '',
'pws_revision': ''}
:return:
"""
_pm_info = {}
_cmd = ['ipmicfg', '-pminfo']
self.retcode, self.proc = self.exec_command(_cmd)
if self.retcode == 0:
out_data = self.out_data()
if out_data:
_pm_info = self.parse_vertical_line(out_data[3:])
else:
pass
else:
pass
return _pm_info
|
原因解释及解决方案
关于TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'错误，我们可以这样复现一下：
In [16]: a = b'123|456'
In [17]: a.split('|')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-17-d4229c89bf5f> in <module>
----> 1 a.split('|')
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
|
所以提示类型错误，如果你的字节是byte型，可以尝试先decode转为字符类型之后再执行相应的str方法。
解决办法
In [20]: a = b'123|456'
In [21]: a.decode('utf-8').split('|')
Out[21]: ['123', '456']
|
关于问题UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xb3 in position 38: invalid start byte，主要是因为结果中有³³³³³³³U³³³³³³³,这个没有办法按照utf-8解码。
出现异常报错是由于设置了decode()方法的第二个参数errors为严格（strict）形式造成的，因为默认就是这个参数，将其更改为ignore即可。
参考链接
